In cell studies published in Nutrients, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid curbed growth in a human cancer cell line and reduced inflammatory responses in mouse-derived macrophages.
The effects disappeared when NR4A1 was removed, suggesting the receptor helps explain coffee's reported links to lower risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease and dementia.
Researchers said caffeine was less active than polyhydroxy and polyphenolic compounds in this pathway, and stressed that more work is needed before changing consumption advice or developing NR4A1-targeted therapies.
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