Trump pushed NATO allies at the recent summit to raise defense spending to as much as 5% of GDP, sharply above current levels for many European members.
That target would force some governments to redirect budget money toward the military, raising the prospect of cuts to healthcare, higher education and other public services.
Critics argue the push prioritizes defense contractors and military outlays over domestic economic pressures already straining households, including housing, tuition and medical costs.
The demand adds to broader debate over whether NATO members should accelerate rearmament despite the trade-offs for social spending and quality of life.