Updated
Updated · New Scientist · Jun 17
Study Finds 2 Autism Subtypes in 41% of Cases by Brain Connectivity
Updated
Updated · New Scientist · Jun 17

Study Finds 2 Autism Subtypes in 41% of Cases by Brain Connectivity

3 articles · Updated · New Scientist · Jun 17

Summary

  • fMRI data from 940 autistic people identified two dominant connectivity patterns: 24% showed hypoconnectivity and 17% showed hyperconnectivity versus 1,036 matched controls.
  • 20 mouse strains carrying autism-linked gene mutations helped explain the split: 11 showed mostly weak brain links and nine showed mostly strong links.
  • Protein mapping tied the hypoconnected group to synapse-related pathways, while the hyperconnected group was linked to gene-regulation and immune-system proteins.
  • 59% of autistic participants fit neither subtype, and outside researchers said mouse models and selected genes capture only part of autism's biological diversity.

Insights

With two autism subtypes now identified, what biology defines the majority of individuals who still fit neither category?
As brain scans begin to define autism, how might this new biological map impact the identity of autistic individuals?
Will autism treatment soon split into two paths: one for brain synapses and another targeting the immune system?